Abstract
Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) technology in recent years has been actively used for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. Also, AnMBR technology has been considered as an alternative wastewater treatment application over conventional activated sludge system. AnMBRs are best possible operated with flat sheet, hollow fiber, or tubular membranes both in the microfiltration or in the ultrafiltration, but on ceramic membrane use has not been reported widely. AnMBRs are a desirable technology that needs additional research efforts and development. However, membrane fouling, which continues a major problem for all membrane bioreactors, seems much more serious under anaerobic than aerobic conditions. In this review, membrane fouling issues (including membrane fouling mechanism, classification, influent parameters, and mitigation) were discussed and summarized. Moreover, in fouling control, biogas sparging and recirculation (i.e. methane production) were addressed. Lastly, future research perspectives relating to its application and membrane fouling research are planned.
Highlights
Because of a risen concern in sustainability within wastewater management, there has been growing attention in recent years in the study of anaerobic wastewater treatment (Robles et al, 2012)
The anaerobic degradation (AD) of complex organic matter to methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), which includes the interaction of four different metabolic groups of bacteria, namely hydrolytic, acidogenic, acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria (Nakaoka et al, 1992; Pantawong et al, 2015; Unpaprom et al, 2015; Unpaprom and Ramaraj, 2016) present, in general, some considerable advantages when compared to aerobic treatment
anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) have been reported that it can provide a possibility for the agricultural use of the treated effluent for non-potable purposes in many regions suffering from water shortage (Martinez-Sosa et al, 2011)
Summary
Because of a risen concern in sustainability within wastewater management, there has been growing attention in recent years in the study of anaerobic wastewater treatment (Robles et al, 2012). The anaerobic degradation (AD) of complex organic matter to methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), which includes the interaction of four different metabolic groups of bacteria, namely hydrolytic, acidogenic, acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria (Nakaoka et al, 1992; Pantawong et al, 2015; Unpaprom et al, 2015; Unpaprom and Ramaraj, 2016) present, in general, some considerable advantages when compared to aerobic treatment. These are: less production of sludge, low nutritional needs, ability to deal with high organic.
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