Abstract

Sea urchin embryos, 8-cell stage to pluteus stage, fixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon 812 were observed by electron microscopy. At no point in the development were syncytial junctions between the embryonic cells found. During the cleavage stages the membrane contact was closer than in later stages. In early blastula stages intercellular clefts appeared which in the gastrula stage demarcate every cell. At the same time a ringshaped desmosome structure develops at the outer cell surface. In the pluteus stage a closer cell contact is re-established. With proceeding embryogenesis endoplasmic membranes will attach to the cell membrane. These membrane structures may even be of nuclear origin. Gradually, long protrusions, vesicles and lamellae begin to be formed from the nuclear membrane. The commencement of this nuclear activity coincides in time with the formation of nucleoli. At cell division the new cell membrane seemed to arise partly independently of the cleavage furrow from a system of cytoplasmic vesicles.

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