Memantine effects on liver and adrenal gland of rats exposed to cold stress

Hugo Junior,Luiz De Abreu,Marcelo Ferreira,João R Breda,Jose R Cisternas,João A Correa,Neif Murad,Carlos De Mello Monteiro,Vitor E Valenti,Adriano Meneghini,Celso Ferreira,Celso Filho

doi:10.1186/1755-7682-4-5

Abstract

BackgroundMemantine attenuates heart stress due cold stress, however, no study focused its effects on liver and adrenal gland. We evaluated its effects on lipid depletion in adrenal gland and glycogen depletion in liver of rats exposed to cold stress.MethodsMale rats divided into 4 groups: 1)Control (CON); 2)Memantine (MEM); 3)Induced cold stress (IH) and; 4)Induced cold stress memantine (IHF). Memantine were administrated by gavage (20 mg/kg/day) during eight days. Cold stress were performed during 4 hours once at - 8°C. Lipid and glycogen depletion were presented as its intensity levels.ResultsRats exposed to cold stress presented the highest glycogen (p < 0.001) and lipid depletion (p < 0.001) in liver and adrenal gland, respectively. We noted that memantine significantly reduced lipid depletion in adrenal gland and glycogen depletion in liver.ConclusionMemantine prevented glycogen depletion in liver and lipid depletion in adrenal gland of rats under a cold stress condition.

Highlights

Memantine attenuates heart stress due cold stress, no study focused its effects on liver and adrenal gland
Previous studies reported that acute exposure to cold stress besides impair heart tissue [7,8,9] cause lipid depletion in adrenal gland and glycogen depletion in liver [10], suggesting that the sympathetic activity and oxidative stress are the source of such fact
The induced hypothermic group presented the most increased rate of glycogen depletion in hepatocytes (Figure 1) (Table 1) (p < 0.05) and the most increased rate of lipid depletion in adrenal gland cortical cells (Figure 2) (Table 2) (p < 0.05), it supports that the exposure to -8°C during four hours was effective as a stressing agent

Summary

Methods

Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1997, 19:323-328. 27. Bähr V, Pfeiffer AF, Oelkers W: Is there a need for vitamin C supplementation of the normal diet? Effects of in vivo ascorbate depletion on adrenal function. Bähr V, Pfeiffer AF, Oelkers W: Is there a need for vitamin C supplementation of the normal diet? Effects of in vivo ascorbate depletion on adrenal function. Bosch-Barrera J, Espinós J: Hepatic breast cancer dissemination after an iatrogenic hepatic laceration during talc pleurodesis: a case report. Xynos ID, Sougioultzis S, Zilos A, Evangelou K, Hatzis GS: Hypercalcemia in a patient with cholangiocarcinoma: a case report. Ge D, You Z: Expression of interleukin-17RC protein in normal human tissues. Doi:10.1186/1755-7682-4-5 Cite this article as: Ferreira et al.: Memantine effects on liver and adrenal gland of rats exposed to cold stress.

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