Abstract
While for Plato, self-interest is a harmonization between reason, emotion, and lust, for Augustine, it is a dark act rooted in self-love. Plato is of the opinion that emotions and passions must be subordinated to reason. Augustine believes that reason, emotion, and lust are to be subjugated to the absolute God since God is the source of harmony. Hobbes dismisses the idea of God as the source of harmony because God is considered as a metaphysical concept that is incomprehensible and cannot be proven empirically. Hobbes’ approach is scientific and empirical. A society should be based not on the idea of God as the source of harmony, but on the power of the leviathan, because in Hobbes’ view the natural state of humans is bellum omnium contra omnes.
Highlights
While for Plato, self-interest is a harmonization between reason, emotion, and lust, for Augustine, it is a dark act rooted in self-love
Emotion, and lust are to be subjugated to the absolute God since God is the source of harmony
Hobbes dismisses the idea of God as the source of harmony because God is considered as a metaphysical concept that is incomprehensible and cannot be proven empirically
Summary
While for Plato, self-interest is a harmonization between reason, emotion, and lust, for Augustine, it is a dark act rooted in self-love. Agustinus menegaskan bahwa manusia pun bisa menghentikan penyaluran cinta ke tiga arah lainnya karena ia masih terus-menerus mencintai diri sendiri dan mengasihi tubuhnya. Perintah kedua adalah “Kasihilah sesamamu seperti engkau mengasihi dirimu sendiri.” Agustinus mengajarkan dalam penafsirannya bahwa siapapun yang benar-benar mencintai sesamanya haruslah mengasihi dengan seluruh jiwa dan raganya.
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