Melting rheology of three-dimensional Maxwell nanofluid (graphene-engine-oil) flow with slip condition past a stretching surface through Darcy-Forchheimer medium

Abstract

Nanofluid has numerous industrial and engineering applications, especially for the improvement of heat transmission. Engine oil is a highly versatile lubricant that is extensively used across diverse industries and engineering fields for a wide range of applications. The applications of engine oil are the aerospace industry, automotive industry, marine industry, power generation, construction and mining, manufacturing and machinery, railroad and transportation, agriculture, etc. Therefore, in the existing problem, 3D flow of Maxwell nanoliquid along the stretched sheet through the porous medium with a melting heat transport mechanism is studied. Nanofluid is made by a mixture of graphene nanoparticles in the engine oil base liquid. Additionally, the physical significance of the Darcy-Forchheimer is discussed on the flow behavior. The computation for heat and mass transference is performed due to the applications of thermal radiation, heat source/sink, Brownian and thermophoresis diffusivity, and chemical reaction. Simulation of the existing model is made by using the idea of velocity slip conditions along with convective boundary and zero mass concentration conditions. In the flow analysis, the magnetic effect is applied normally to the surface, therefore, the features of the magnetic field are studied. On the basis of flow assumptions, the current flow problem is modeled in the system of highly nonlinear PDEs. Appropriate similarity transformation is exploited for the conversion of these PDEs into ODEs. By using the concepts of the Homotopic method (HAM), the attained coupled nonlinear higher-order ODEs are simulated. The graphs are used to discuss how numerous physical factors affect the flow profile, highlighting their distinctive characteristics. Several noteworthy findings of this study are that both primary and secondary velocities declined due to the Lorentz force by using the applications of magnetic impact. Also, it is distinguished that the nanoliquid thermal profile is amplified for the thermal Biot number. Also, the nanoliquid concentration is lesser for the greater Schmidt number. The present nanofluid problem is also investigated for its significant practical applications. Further, it is examined that the Nusselt number is greater for the thermal Biot number.