Melting-points of refractory metals

Abstract

Irisin derived from muscle in response to exercise may be the molecular entity responsible for muscle wasting-osteoporosis connectivity in the elderly. The objective of the study was to determine whether serum Irisin (sIrisin) provides information on hip fracture prediction which were independent of bone mineral density (BMD) and the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) algorithm.This study enrolled 160 older women (ages, 70–90 y) with minimal trauma hip fractures (MTHFs) and 160 age-matched women without fracture serving as controls. Clinical features, BMD and bone turnover markers including sIrisin levels were measured after fracture within 2 days as baseline.sIrisin levels were significantly lower (361.5 ± 140.0 ng/mL vs 478.5 ± 159.6 ng/mL, P < 0.001) in cases than controls. After multivariate analysis, sIrisin remained as an independent variable of BMD, which explained 17.8% of femoral neck BMD and 22.5% of lumbar spine BMD, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of MTHFs comparing the lowest (<320.1 ng/mL) to highest (>524.5 ng/mL) quartiles was 1.95 (95% CI 1.23–3.79, P < 0.05) for sIrisin. Adjustment for age, body mass index, time since menopause and exercise ≥30 min/day yielded similar results, and BMD of femoral neck also did not change these associations. Taking FRAX score into account attenuated the association somewhat: OR of hip fracture was 1.81 (95% CI 1.26–3.49, P < 0.05) in first versus fourth quartile of sIrisin. There was a negative gradient of risk by decreasing quartile in sIrisin.Low concentrations of sIrisin in older women were independently associated with increased risk of hip fractures when adjusted for BMD or FRAX score.