Melt processing of graphene-coated polylactide granules for producing biodegradable nanocomposite with higher mechanical strength

Abstract

ABSTRACT Innovative melt processing technology is necessary for the production of biodegradable polylactide/graphene nanocomposites. In this paper, we present the aqueous spray coating method to prepare graphene-coated polylactide granules for improving the distribution of small graphene contents in polymer matrix during the melt mixing process. Three types of functionalized graphene nanosheets, including graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and poly(ethylene glycol)/RGO (PEG/RGO), were investigated in the formations of graphene coatings on polylactide granules and subsequent melt-processed nanocomposites. It is found that RGO nanosheets have good interfacial compatibility to form better coatings on polylactide granules. Melt processing of graphene-coated granules produced polylactide/graphene nanocomposites with higher mechanical strengths. Nanocomposite materials containing 0.1% RGO showed the best improvements of mechanical and thermal properties. As-prepared nanomaterials and nanocomposites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), tensile, flexural and impact measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and integrated thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA). In general, the innovative strategy of aqueous spray coating and melt processing is applicable for manufacturing biodegradable PLA/graphene nanocomposites in the sustainable trend of environmentally friendly development.