Abstract
Geopropolis is a special type of propolis produced by stingless bees. Several pharmacological properties have been described for different types of geopropolis, but there have been no previous studies of the geopropolis from Melipona mondury. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of M. mondury geopropolis, and determined its chemical profile. The antioxidant activity was determined using in vitro ABTS·+, ·DPPH, and β-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation methods. The antibacterial activity was determined using a microdilution method with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The antiproliferative effect was determined in tumor cell lines using the Alamar Blue assay. The chemical profile was obtained using UHPLC-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS. The butanolic fraction had the highest concentration of phenolic compounds and more potent antioxidant properties in all assays. This fraction also had bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against all bacterial strains at low concentrations, especially S. aureus. The hexane fraction had the highest antiproliferative potential, with IC50 values ranging from 24.2 to 46.6 µg/mL in HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia cell) and K562 (human chronic myelocytic leukemia cell), respectively. Preliminary chemical analysis indicates the presence of terpenes and gallic acid in the geopropolis. Our results indicate the therapeutic potential of geopropolis from M. mondury against inflammatory, oxidative, infectious, and neoplastic diseases.
Highlights
Geopropolis is a mixture of resin, wax, and soil, and it is an uncommon type of propolis produced by native stingless bees from the Meliponini tribe, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide (Sforcin and Bankova 2011, Souza et al 2014)
The amount of reducing compounds was much higher than that found by Souza et al (2013) in M. subnitida geopropolis from Paraiba state, Brazil
This suggests that the bee species and/or its habitat influence the chemical composition of geopropolis (Campos et al 2015)
Summary
Geopropolis is a mixture of resin, wax, and soil, and it is an uncommon type of propolis produced by native stingless bees from the Meliponini tribe, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide (Sforcin and Bankova 2011, Souza et al 2014). We performed the first study of the in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of geopropolis from M. mondury, as well as determining the chemical profile of its ethanolic extract and fractions. Three different methods were employed to determine the antioxidant properties of the geopropolis: scavenging of DPPH· and ABTS·+ radicals, and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching.
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