Abstract
Chapter 95 reviews musculoskeletal manifestations of melioidosis, which is a frequently fatal infection caused by the gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis is present in tropical regions, mainly in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Musculoskeletal infection is usually seen as a part of multiorgan involvement, but localized musculoskeletal involvement may occur. The most common form is septic arthritis, followed by osteomyelitis, pyomyositis, and soft tissue abscess. The infection is usually chronic and relapsing. Evaluation usually begins with radiography. Imaging findings in musculoskeletal melioidosis are nonspecific and may mimic other infections. A definitive diagnosis is made by positive culture of the organism from blood or infected organs.
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