Melatonin's protective role against Bisphenol F and S-induced skeletal damage: A morphometric and histological study in rat

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of Bisphenol F and S exposure on the skeletal structures of Sprague-Dawley rats. Given the increasing concern about the potential endocrine-disrupting effects of Bisphenol analogs on bone health, this research sought to elucidate their impact in conjunction with Melatonin. Using 80 male Sprague Dawley rats, bones were subjected to a 3-point bending test to assess mechanical properties, and histopathological evaluation was conducted after fixation and decalcification. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. The results of the mechanical tests revealed significant differences in deformation and elastic modulus values between groups treated with Bisphenol F+Melatonin and Bisphenol S+Melatonin compared to the control groups. However, the histological images showed no significant differences between the groups. In the discussion, it was noted that the injection of Bisphenol F and Melatonin together increased bone hardness, suggesting that Bisphenol F and Bisphenol S may mitigate the negative effects of melatonin on bone. We attributed the absence of histological differences to the male gender of the studied rats and previous exposure considerations. This study shows that Melatonin can reduce Bisphenol F and Bisphenol S′ rapid adjustment effects and increase bone elasticity. The side effects of Bisphenol F and S, as well as the prophylactic effects of Melatonin, can be observed and improved by carefully adjusting the duration, dose, and gender selection.