Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin (MT) supplementation on in vitro maturation of vitrified mouse germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes. The fresh oocytes were randomly divided into three groups: untreated (control), or vitrified by open-pulled straw method without (vitrification group) or with MT supplementation (vitrification + MT group). After warming, oocytes were cultured in vitro, then the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels, spindle morphology, mRNA expression of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC)-related genes (Mps1, BubR1, Mad1, Mad2), and their subsequent developmental potential in vitro were evaluated. The results showed that vitrification/warming procedures significantly decreased the percentage of GV oocytes developed to metaphase II (MII) stage, the mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP content, and GSH levels, remarkably increased the ROS levels, and significantly impaired the spindle morphology. The expressions of SAC-related genes were also altered in vitrified oocytes. However, when 10−7 mol/L MT was administered during the whole length of the experiment, the percentage of GV oocytes matured to MII stage was significantly increased, and the other indicators were also significantly improved and almost recovered to the normal levels relative to the control. Thus, we speculate that MT might regulate the mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP content, ROS, GSH, and expression of SAC-related genes, potentially increasing the in vitro maturation of vitrified-warmed mouse GV oocytes.
Highlights
As an artificial assisted reproductive technology, oocyte cryopreservation has considerable application in medical, animal, and agricultural sciences [1,2,3,4]
Based on foregoing observations, we resolved that addition of 10−7 mol/L MT might be an optimal concentration for ameliorating the in vitro developmental potential of vitrified germinal vesicle (GV) mouse oocytes, and 10−7 mol/L MT was selected for subsequent experiments
In order to improve efficiency and and practical application of cryopreservation technology, in this study, we focused on the the efficiency practical application of cryopreservation technology, in this study, we focused on elucidation of potential mechanisms by whichby
Summary
As an artificial assisted reproductive technology, oocyte cryopreservation has considerable application in medical, animal, and agricultural sciences [1,2,3,4]. It serves as an important and promising. Despite the significant and tangible advances made in the area of cryopreservation of mammalian germplasm, the developmental potential of oocytes and embryos following vitrification/warming still poses considerable obstacles [5,9]. In vitro fertilization of cryopreserved GV oocytes could successfully yield offspring [10,11,12,13], the resultant survival ratio, fertilization rates, and developmental competence are considerably lower [10,14,15,16,17]. Blastocyst rate of vitrified-warmed GV oocytes was
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