Abstract
Vitamin A plays a critical role in normal vision. Its acid form, retinoic acid (RA), is a potent modulator of hormonal transcription control and is critical for early eye and photoreceptor development and differentiation (Hyatt et al., 1996a; Hyatt et al., 1996b; Marsh-Armstrong et al., 1994; McCaffery et al., 1992; McCaffery et al., 1991). Melatonin (Mlt), rhythmically produced in pinealocytes of the pineal gland and photoreceptors of the retina with peak levels during darkness (Binkley et al., 1978; Craft, 1993; Craft et al., 1999; Ganguly et al., 2002), plays a crucial role in the circadian and seasonal rhythmic regulation of diverse organisms (Deguchi, 1979; Kasai et al., 1979; Klein and Moore, 1979; Wiechmann, 2002). Mlt also participates in modulating cyclic diurnal metabolic pathways in photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).
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