Abstract
Stroke is a disease of aging affecting millions of people worldwide, and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) is the only treatment approved. However, r-tPA has a low therapeutic window and secondary effects which limit its beneficial outcome, urging thus the search for new more efficient therapies. Among them, neuroprotection based on melatonin or nitrones, as free radical traps, have arisen as drug candidates due to their strong antioxidant power. In this Perspective article, an update on the specific results of the melatonin and several new nitrones are presented.
Highlights
Stroke is a disease of aging, affecting an increasing number of people worldwide, and the main cause of disability (Flynn et al, 2008; Mathers et al, 2009)
Under deprivation of oxygen and glucose, cell death occurs in two phases: (a) first cell death from anoxia/hypoxia and energy depletion, followed by; and (b) reperfusion that increase oxidative stress and free radical formation, excitotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production with ulterior energy failure and delayed death (Hossmann, 1994; Choi, 1996; Lee et al, 1999; Ito et al, 2003)
H. et al, 2005; Niizuma et al, 2010). In this Perspective article, we will focus on melatonin and nitrones, well-known radical scavenging and antioxidant agents, for the potential therapy of stroke (Hardeland, 2009)
Summary
Alejandro Romero 1*, Eva Ramos 1, Paloma Patiño 2, Maria J. Oset-Gasque 3, Francisco López-Muñoz 4,5, José Marco-Contelles 6*, María I. Stroke is a disease of aging affecting millions of people worldwide, and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) is the only treatment approved. R-tPA has a low therapeutic window and secondary effects which limit its beneficial outcome, urging the search for new more efficient therapies. Neuroprotection based on melatonin or nitrones, as free radical traps, have arisen as drug candidates due to their strong antioxidant power. In this Perspective article, an update on the specific results of the melatonin and several new nitrones are presented.
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