Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders are associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Most OSCCs are diagnosed via histopathology as oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), but the histologic diagnostic criteria remain non-uniform. Accordingly, the establishment of a diagnostic marker to assist in diagnosis could contribute towards cancer prevention. Melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) and MIA2 are involved in tumor growth, invasion, and lymph node metastasis in various malignancies. The purpose of this study was to clarify the usefulness of MIA and MIA2 as diagnostic markers of oral mucosal lesions. The expression of MIA and MIA2 was analyzed immunohistochemically in 100 specimens (10 specimens with normal oral mucosa (NOM) and 30 specimens each with low-grade epithelial dysplasia (LED), high-grade epithelial dysplasia (HED), and OSCC). Immunohistochemical results were evaluated based on the Allred scoring system. Cytoplasmic expression of MIA and MIA2 increased in the order of LED, HED, and OSCC. All NOM specimens were negative for cytoplasmic expression. Significant differences were observed between the groups (NOM vs. HED, p < 0.05, NOM vs. OSCC, p < 0.001). These results demonstrate that MIA and MIA2 are expressed in the oral mucosa within early neoplastic lesions and suggest that MIA and MIA2 are useful novel immunohistochemical markers for discriminating between normal tissue and OED.
Highlights
Many oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are pathologically associated with oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), which the World Health Organization (WHO) classification 2017 describes as a series of structural and cytological changes in the epithelium, caused by the accumulation of genetic mutations that are associated with an increased risk of progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) [2,4]
The expression of Melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) in the cytoplasm increased in the order lowgrade epithelial dysplasia (LED), high-grade epithelial dysplasia (HED), and OSCC
Significant differences were observed between the groups
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) classification 2017 describes a new disease concept designated as oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which are associated with a risk of developing into cancers such as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, or oral lichen planus [1,2,3]. Many OPMDs are pathologically associated with oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), which the WHO classification 2017 describes as a series of structural and cytological changes in the epithelium, caused by the accumulation of genetic mutations that are associated with an increased risk of progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) [2,4]. The risk of malignant transformation of OED increases with increasing grade of OED atypia [5,6]. Accurate pathological diagnosis of OED in OPMDs is important for the prevention of OSCC.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
