Abstract
Background: Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) proposed as a novel therapeutic tool for the various kinds of cancer treatment. Cold atmospheric Plasma-Activated Media (PAM) has exhibited its promising application in plasma medicine for the treatment of cancer. Methods: We investigated the role of PAM on the human melanoma cancer G-361 cells xenograft in vivo by estimating the biochemical and gene expression of apoptotic genes. Results: Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generated by PAM could significantly decrease the tumor volume (40%) and tumor weight (26%) when administered intradermally (i.d.) into the melanoma region continuously for three days. Biochemical studies in blood serum along with excised melanoma samples revealed an increase in protein carbonylation and MDA content as compared to the control, while LDH and L-DOPA in serum and melanoma tissues were decreased significantly in PAM treated group. PAM generated RONS increased apoptotic genes like Bcl-2, Bax, Parp, Casp8, and P53 in melanoma tissue. Immunohistochemistry data confirms that PAM treatment increased apoptosis at the tissue level. Conclusions: These results suggested that RONS present in PAM inhibit the induction of xenograft melanoma cancer cells through the induction of apoptosis and upregulating of various biochemical parameters within blood serum and melanoma.
Highlights
The extent rate of melanoma is rising consistently and faster than any other malignancy over the last few years worldwide [1]
We tried to enlighten the effect of Plasma-Activated Media (PAM) on melanoma in in vivo conditions via observing the change at the biochemical and molecular level in melanoma tumors and blood serum of mice
We developed a new perspective to understand the mechanism of PAM for treating melanoma
Summary
The extent rate of melanoma is rising consistently and faster than any other malignancy over the last few years worldwide [1]. In South Korea only, the incidence rate of cutaneous melanoma in women increased continuously every year due to poor prognosis at advanced stages of the disease [2]. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a combination of drugs to treat advanced-stage melanoma. Biochemical studies in blood serum along with excised melanoma samples revealed an increase in protein carbonylation and MDA content as compared to the control, while LDH and L-DOPA in serum and melanoma tissues were decreased significantly in PAM treated group. Conclusions: These results suggested that RONS present in PAM inhibit the induction of xenograft melanoma cancer cells through the induction of apoptosis and upregulating of various biochemical parameters within blood serum and melanoma
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