Abstract
Ten compounds have been isolated from the unused parts of Ammi visinaga. The isolated compounds were identified as tetracosanoic acid (1), β-sitosterol (2), visnadine (3), khellin (4), β-sitosterol glucoside (5), norkhellol (6), khellol (7), rhamnazin (8), cimifugin (9), and cis-khellactone-3’-β-glucopyranoside (10). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic data (NMR, UV, MS and IR spectra). This is the first report on the identification of tetracosanoic acid (1), norkhellol (6) and cimifugin (9) in the Ammi genus. The melanin biosynthesis inhibitory activities of khellin (4), khellol (7), visnadine (3), cimifugin (9), β-sitosterol (2) and β-sitosterol glucoside (5) were evaluated. Khellin (4) exhibited a potent melanin inhibitory effect compared to arbutin with less toxicity.
Highlights
Natural products derived from plant sources have been used extensively in traditional medicine for treatment of a myriad of diseases including various types of cancers [1]
Further evidence of the importance of natural products is provided by the fact that close to half of the best selling pharmaceuticals in 1991 were either natural products or their derivatives [2]
In ancient Egypt, vitiligo lesions were treated with extracts of the Ammi genus plant followed by exposure to the sun whereby UVA irradiations are given 2 h after administration of 8-methoxypsoralen, a photosensitizer [19]
Summary
Natural products derived from plant sources have been used extensively in traditional medicine for treatment of a myriad of diseases including various types of cancers [1]. A. visinaga is a perennial herb widely distributed in the Mediterranean area. Among Egyptians people, it is called Khilla, Chellah or Kella, while in Europe the plant has often been referred to as the Toothpick Herb or Bishop’s weed [3]. Turkish people referred to this plant as “disotu”, “kilir”, and “hiltan” [4]. A. visinaga extracts have demonstrated to have a broad range of therapeutic effects such as antihyperglycemic [5], vasodilator effect [6], anti-inflammatory [7], and inhibition of oxalate nephrlithiasis [8]. Phytochemical studies were done on A. visinaga fruit which is the official part of the plant, little phytochemical studies were found concerning other parts of the plant, so this research was conducted to isolate the chemical constituents of the unused parts of A. visinaga and evaluate its potential use in pharmacy and medicine
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