Abstract
La fotocatálisis solar homogénea es un proceso de oxidación avanzada que permite tratar de forma exitosa un gran númerode contaminantes recalcitrantes, como: pesticidas, tintas industriales y compuestos farmacéuticos. No obstante, a pesar de suefectividad, los costos de aplicación de este proceso son altos cuando se trata de alcanzar la mineralización completa o deobtener un efluente amigable con el medio ambiente. Los sistemas acoplados fotocatalítico-biológicos se han convertido enuna alternativa factible para tratar de forma eficiente estos contaminantes. En este trabajo, un sistema acoplado de dos reactoressolares de colectores parabólicos compuestos (CPC) y humedales artificiales de flujos sub-superficial (HFSS) a escala piloto seevaluó para degradar un mezcla de pesticidas comerciales usados en el cultivo de la caña de azúcar. Para medir el desempeño delproceso para eliminar el contaminante, se estimaron el aumento de la relación DBO5/DQO y la reducción del carbono orgánicototal (COT) para cada sistema por separado y para el acople. Se consideraron tres diferentes niveles de radiación solar UVacumulada y de flujos de alimentación al HFSS en el diseño experimental. La relación DBO5/DQO aumentó de 0.15 a 0.90 y lareducción de COT (mineralización total) estuvo alrededor del 80%.
Highlights
Pesticides have become in emergent pollutants of an increasing concern
An herbicides mixture used in the Colombian sugar cane crops was synthetically prepared, from a stock solution, using commercial formulations of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), diuron, and ametryne
The coupled system of compound parabolic collectors (CPC)-type photoreactor and subsurface constructed wetlands (SSCW) treated satisfactorily a mixture of commercial pesticides, with a considerable increase of the BOD5/COD ratio as the most important benefit. The increase of this parameter was more influenced by the UV energy received by the photocatalytic reactor than the other ones studied effects
Summary
Pesticides have become in emergent pollutants of an increasing concern. Due their persistence in aquatic environment and their recalcitrance to conventional treatments (majorly biological), they can reach all the stages of the trophic chain in water ecosystems. One of the most frequent sources of pollution by pesticides is the rinsing of used containers. Just for sugar cane crops in Colombia, they are used around 63000 MT of pesticides for plagues control (Asocaña, 2008). Considering that only a small part of the pesticide ends up in the crops, it is evident that it is necessary to look for a suitable wastewater treatment for mitigating the adverse effect of pollution by these compounds
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