Abstract
Recent developments in defining the role of the lentiviral envelope glycoprotein (Env) cytoplasmic tail (CT) in Env trafficking and incorporation into virus particles have advanced our understanding of viral replication and transmission. To stimulate additional progress in this field, the two-day International Workshop on Structure and Function of the Lentiviral gp41 Cytoplasmic Tail, co-organized by Eric Freed and James Hoxie, was held at the National Cancer Institute in Frederick, MD (26–27 April 2018). The meeting served to bring together experts focused on the role of gp41 in HIV replication and to discuss the emerging mechanisms of CT-dependent trafficking, Env conformation and structure, host protein interaction, incorporation, and viral transmission. The conference was organized around the following three main hot topics in gp41 research: the role of host factors in CT-dependent Env incorporation, Env structure, and CT-mediated trafficking and transmission. This review highlights important topics and the advances in gp41 research that were discussed during the conference.
Highlights
Primate lentiviral envelope glycoprotein (Env) glycoproteins play key roles in viral replication.Yet, an incomplete understanding of Env function during viral assembly and maturation impedes treatment and vaccine design against HIV infection
Spearman ended by presenting preliminary data indicating that, like SIVmac239 Env, the Env glycoproteins of some strains of HIV-1 are not retained in the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC) upon expression of dominant-negative FIP1C
These results suggest that the utilization of FIP1C is HIV-1 strain-dependent, or that some strains of HIV-1 use a non-ERC pathway for Env incorporation
Summary
Primate lentiviral envelope glycoprotein (Env) glycoproteins play key roles in viral replication. The gp CT, and an aromatic motif (YW795 ) in the LLP-3 domain of the CT, was found to be essential for the Env-induced relocalization of FIP1C from the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC) to the cell periphery. These observations suggested that this aromatic motif may be involved in the direct or indirect interactions between the gp CT and FIP1C [3]. Spearman ended by presenting preliminary data indicating that, like SIVmac239 Env, the Env glycoproteins of some strains of HIV-1 are not retained in the ERC upon expression of dominant-negative FIP1C These results suggest that the utilization of FIP1C is HIV-1 strain-dependent, or that some strains of HIV-1 use a non-ERC pathway for Env incorporation. CD44 into HIV-1 virions; this incorporated the CD44 binds of hyaluronan, which in turn binds CD44 on the surface of the FRCs, allowing for viral capture
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