Abstract
Beta-glucanase enzyme can degrade β-glucan polysaccharide to saccharide oligomers and glucose monomers. The enzyme can be used as biological control to degrade β-glucan in cell wall of fungal pathogens The objective of this study was to determine the optimum medium for bacterial β-glucanase production and to use the enzyme as biological control of oil palm pathogenic fungi. Medium optimization were carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with 18 experimental run of Central Composite Design (CCD) on three variables (oat β-glucan, yeast extract, and bacterial inoculum). The results showed that β-glucanase produced by Bacillus subtilis SAHA 32.6 was strongly influenced by bacterial inoculum size than oat β-glucan and yeast extract concentration. Beta-glucanase of optimized medium could inhibit the growth of oil palm pathogenic fungi, i.e Curvularia affinis and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The ammonium sulphate fractionation of the β-glucanase could inhibit the fungi better than crude enzyme. The bacterial β-glucanase of B. subtilis SAHA 32.6 can be used as bio-fungicide to attack of pathogenic fungi in the oil palm nursery.
Highlights
Beta-glucanase is a hydrolytic enzyme which can degrade β-glucan polysaccharide substrate to glucose monomer or saccharide oligomer (Pitson et al, 1993)
The ability of isolates to inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens C. gloeosporioides and C. affinis were tested by Fokkema (1973) method
Screening of β-glucanase produced by bacteria The screening of bacterial β-glucanase showed that there are 3 isolates had glucanolytic activity, as indicated by the formation of a clear zone surroundings around the bacterial colony of SAHA 3.5, SAHA 12.17, and SAHA 32.6, respectively
Summary
Beta-glucanase is a hydrolytic enzyme which can degrade β-glucan polysaccharide substrate to glucose monomer or saccharide oligomer (Pitson et al, 1993). An application of this enzyme can be used as biological control of fungal pathogen for its ability to hydrolyze β-glucan. Curvularia affinis and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides are fungal pathogens which widely attacks on the leaves of oil palm (Elaeis guinensis Jacq.) nursery Infection by this fungus can reach up to 38% (Solehudin et al, 2012). This disease was reported has spread in Thailand (Kittimorakul et al, 2013), and India (Gautam, 2014)
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