Mediterranean vegetable soup consumption increases plasma vitamin C and decreases F 2-isoprostanes, prostaglandin E 2 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in healthy humans

Abstract

Consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of death from all causes including heart disease and stroke. In this work, the bioavailability of vitamin C from a Mediterranean vegetable soup (gazpacho) constituted mainly of tomato, pepper and cucumber, and its influence on plasma vitamin C, 8- epi-prostaglandin F 2α (8- epi-PGF 2α), prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and the cytokines/tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 concentrations in a healthy human population were assessed. Six men and six women consumed 500 ml of commercial gazpacho per day for 14 days, corresponding to an intake of 78 mg of ascorbic acid per day. There were no differences ( P=.22) in baseline plasma vitamin C concentrations between the men and women. The maximum increase ( P<.05) in plasma vitamin C occurred 4 h postdose in both men and women. Vitamin C concentrations were significantly higher ( P<.03) on Days 7 and 14 of the intervention. Baseline concentrations of uric acid and 8- epi-PGF 2α were significantly higher ( P≤.032) in men than in women. Baseline concentrations of 8- epi-PGF 2α decreased significantly ( P≤.05) by Day 14 of the intervention. A significant inverse correlation was observed between vitamin C and 8- epi-PGF 2α ( r=−.415, P=.049). Baseline concentrations of PGF 2 and MCP-1 were significantly higher ( P≤.025) in men than in women but decreased significantly ( P≤.05) by Day 14 of the intervention. No effect on TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 was observed at Day 14 of the intervention. Drinking gazpacho (500 ml/day) significantly increases plasma concentrations of vitamin C and significantly decreases 8- epi-PGF 2α, PGE 2 and MCP-1 concentrations in healthy humans.