Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Adherence Modify the Association between FTO Genetic Variations and Obesity Phenotypes.

Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani,Fereidoun Azizi,Parvin Mirmiran,Bahareh Sedaghati-Khayat,Maryam Daneshpour,Gelareh Koochakpoor

doi:10.3390/nu9101064

Abstract

There is increasing interest of which dietary patterns can modify the association of fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) variants with obesity. This study was aimed at investigating the interaction of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (Med Diet) with FTO polymorphisms in relation to obesity phenotypes. Subjects of this nested case-control study were selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study participants. Each case was individually matched with a normal weight control (n = 1254). Selected polymorphisms (rs1421085, rs1121980, rs17817449, rs8050136, rs9939973, and rs3751812) were genotyped. Genetic risk score (GRS) were calculated using the weighted method. The Mediterranean dietary score (MDS) was computed. Individuals with minor allele carriers of rs9939973, rs8050136, rs1781749, and rs3751812 had lower risk of obesity when they had higher MDS, compared to wild-type homozygote genotype carriers. The obesity risk was decreased across quartiles of MDS in participants with high GRS (OR: 1, 0.8, 0.79, 0.67) compared to individuals with low GRS (OR: 1.33, 1.06, 0.97, 1.12) (Pinteraction < 0.05). No significant interaction between the GRS and MDS on abdominal obesity was found. A higher Med Diet adherence was associated with lower obesity risk in subjects with more genetic predisposition to obesity, compared to those with lower adherence to the Med Diet and lower GRS.

Highlights

The obesity epidemic worldwide is fast increasing and affecting individuals of all ages, races, and both genders
Data on the interaction of fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) polymorphisms with dietary patterns are rare in Asians and Middle-Eastern populations [5], which is why the aim of the current study was to investigate whether the Med Diet could interact with FTO gene polymorphisms in isolation or in a combined-form genetic risk score (GRS) in relation to obesity phenotypes among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)
We found no significant interaction between the Genetic risk score (GRS) and Mediterranean dietary score (MDS) on abdominal obesity and high Waist to hip ratios (WHRs) risk

Summary

Introduction

The obesity epidemic worldwide is fast increasing and affecting individuals of all ages, races, and both genders. It is positively correlated with a series of metabolic abnormalities, including diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have reported that consumption of unhealthy and energy dense food groups, including fried foods and sugar sweetened beverages, could interact with genetic make-up in relation to obesity [8,9], suggesting that a healthy diet and lifestyle could attenuate, at least partly, the risk of obesity attributed to genetic susceptibility [5,7]. A meta-analysis did not support the interaction between total energy or macro-nutrient intakes and the FTO genetic variant of rs9939609 in relation to obesity [10]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion