Abstract

This epidemic could be contained oreven decreased if there were a social change in favor of a healthierlifestyle and diet, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedD). Severalyears ago, the low incidence of morbidity and mortality fromcoronary heart disease in Mediterranean countries created greatinterest. In fact, the number of PubMed publications on this topicincreased fromfewerthan10in1985toabout300in2012.Manyofthese wereobservationalstudies(ecological,cohort,orcase-control)in which increased adherence to the MedD was accompanied byreduced cardiovascular risk. In addition, numerous small clinicaltrials haveobservedtheeffectsofthisdietoritsmaincomponentsonintermediate variablesofcardiovascularrisksuchasbloodpressure,blood lipids, insulin resistance, or endothelial function,

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