Abstract
Study Basis: This evidence map presents a summary of studies that addressed the effects of meditation on various clinical and health conditions. Meditation is a contemplative practice that has been used for the promotion of health, and the treatment of different conditions.Method: The study is based on the search of four electronic databases for the period 1994-November 2019 and includes systematic reviews, meta-analyses, meta-syntheses, and integrative reviews. 3iE evidence gap map was the methodology of choice, and AMSTAR 2 was used for the analyses. Tableau was used to graphically display the confidence level, number of reviews, health outcomes, and intervention effects.Results: This map encompasses 191 studies, with Mindfulness being the key word that retrieved the highest number of results. Several meditation techniques were evaluated in different contexts, and the confidence levels of 22 studies were high, 84 were moderate, and 82 were low. Two 2 meta-syntheses and 1 integrative review were also included. Most of the studies reported positive effects and a beneficial potential of the practice of meditation. Health outcomes were divided into five groups out of which mental health and vitality, and well-being and quality of life stood out with the largest number of studies.Conclusions: Meditation has been applied in different areas. This Evidence Map intends to be an easy visual tool to access valuable evidence-based information on this complementary therapy for patients, health professionals, and managers.
Highlights
The World Health Organization (WHO) has encouraged and strengthened the inclusion, recognition, and use of Integrative and Complementary Health Practices (ICPs) in national health systems at all levels: Primary Care, Specialized Care, and Hospital Care, through the recommendations of the WHO Strategy on Traditional Medicine 2014–2023 [1].Since 2018, meditation is one of the 29 practices that have been included in the Brazilian Unified Health System [2]
Within the various schools of meditation, Mindfulness has a prominent place due to the considerable number of works found on this map
Some authors define Mindfulness as: “paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, non-judgmentally” [4] or “mindfulness meditation involves the self-regulation of attention and involves adopting a particular orientation toward one’s experiences in the present moment” [5]
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) has encouraged and strengthened the inclusion, recognition, and use of Integrative and Complementary Health Practices (ICPs) in national health systems at all levels: Primary Care, Specialized Care, and Hospital Care, through the recommendations of the WHO Strategy on Traditional Medicine 2014–2023 [1].Since 2018, meditation is one of the 29 practices that have been included in the Brazilian Unified Health System [2]. Meditation is a contemplative practice, related to the development of human experiences and widely used in different traditions. It originated centuries ago and is currently studied for its effects on health. Some authors propose a general definition of meditation. Within the various schools of meditation, Mindfulness has a prominent place due to the considerable number of works found on this map. Some authors define Mindfulness as: “paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, non-judgmentally” [4] or “mindfulness meditation involves the self-regulation of attention and involves adopting a particular orientation toward one’s experiences in the present moment” [5]. Given the considerable number of meditation schools, we chose to add studies that self-identified as meditation
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