Medieval Scotland: A Future for its Past

A thorough bibliometric analysis is conducted in this study to investigate the state of social and environmental innovation research. The present study aims to identify developing trends, significant concepts, and collaboration networks in the subject by a thorough survey of scholarly literature. The analysis offers a comprehensive picture of the changing conversation around social and environmental innovation by incorporating a wide range of publications, such as reports, conference papers, and journal articles.The data shows a notable rise in publications over time pertaining to social and environmental innovation, indicating the field's increasing significance in tackling global issues. Research on social and environmental innovation is by its very nature interdisciplinary, incorporating elements from the social sciences, economics, business, and environmental science. This multidisciplinary approach makes it possible to fully comprehend difficult problems and come up with creative solutions. The existence of collaborative networks among scholars is highlighted by co-authorship network analysis. These networks make it easier to share knowledge, cross-pollinate concepts, and create all-encompassing solutions. The report highlights a number of topics related to emerging research, such as the role of technology in promoting social and environmental innovation, the circular economy and sustainable business models, inclusive entrepreneurship and social innovation, and sustainable supply chains. Researchers, practitioners, and policymakers can all benefit from the understanding this analysis provides. This information can be used by policymakers to guide the creation of laws that encourage environmental and social innovation. Experts are able to recognize new trends and recommended procedures. Scholars are able to pinpoint gaps in existing research and avenues for further investigation.

Structural changes in the economy and spatial and inter-settlement differences in living standards and quality of life lead to fundamental alterations in the national settlement system. Settlement polarisation is gathering momentum, along with the movement of rural population from Russia’s east and north to its southern and metropolitan regions. These processes benefit urban agglomerations. Typological differences between regional settlement systems, still poorly understood but essential for strategic and spatial planning, are growing. This article draws on the concept of the geographical demographic situation; it uses official statistics on Russian regions and Kaliningrad municipalities and settlements to explore the connection between rural settlement trends and employment fluctuations caused by structural shifts in Russian regional economies. It is shown how settlement polarisation affects differences in settlement trends of meso- and microdistrict levels. Regions are identified that have a capacity for rural-urban migration and corresponding rural employment structure and trends.

One Size Does Not Fit All: Implementation of an Equitable and Inclusive Strategic Response to Address Needs of Pediatric Resident Physicians during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis

On the evaluation of social innovations and social enterprises: Recognizing and integrating two solitudes in the empirical knowledge base

The colonisation of waste and the foundation of new settlements are complementary processes in any expanding rural society. Their reactive and creative association in medieval Scotland, 1100–1650, can be assumed almost without question. However, their exact history and phasing are still uncharted, at least compared with what is known about their history in other parts of north-west Europe over the same period. Even in the Highlands and Islands, the extensive areas of waste and hill pasture recorded by them does not detract from the fact that every pocket of suitable soil, and many that were unsuitable, had been pressed into service to sustain a large and growing population. Documented instances of colonisation in progress appear with the earliest land charters. Some leave no doubt they are foundation charters, carving a new holding or toun out of waste.

Social innovation (SI) and social entrepreneurship (SE) progressively acquires importance in higher education institutions and it has been introduced in a capacity building strategy towards a redesign of academic curriculum, namely in Latin American universities. With the purpose to advance knowledge-transfer on these topics a teacher training course (TTC) was designed and developed as part of the Students4Change Erasmus+ Project. The TTC was built with a twofold purpose: on the one hand, to share knowledge about SI and SE in an online course addressed to university professors, from the 10 Latin American universities, partners in the project; and on the other hand, to develop also didactic strategies and active learning in a collaborative approach, as well as different tools, in order to promote the integration of SI and SE subjects in academic curriculum. To achieve this purpose, 51 professors participated on the online course, divided in two stages, first in eight webinars during two months, and second, a final face-to-face meeting after the end of the online course.

This study aims to analyze the optimization of community-based marketing strategies as a lever for enhancing the competitiveness of local MSMEs, emphasizing the importance of collaborative approaches, the utilization of digital engagement, and the integration of socio-cultural values. The method employed is a literature review with a qualitative and descriptive analysis approach, where data were collected from Google Scholar and credible websites within the period of 1986–2025. Out of a total of 50 articles identified, only 35 were selected through a strict screening process based on relevance and quality. The analysis results show that community-based marketing strategies can strengthen consumer loyalty, expand market reach, and create authentic product differentiation by highlighting local cultural values. Cross-sectoral collaborative approaches have been proven to support MSME capacity building, while digital engagement accelerates interaction and connectivity with consumers. This study asserts that the combination of community, collaboration, digitalization, and culture represents a sustainable strategy relevant to enhancing the competitiveness of MSMEs in Indonesia.

Biggs, R., F. R. Westley, and S. R. Carpenter. 2010. Navigating the back loop: fostering social innovation and transformation in ecosystem management. Ecology and Society 15(2): 9. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03411-150209

This article examines the emerging paradigm of human-AI collaboration in addressing the growing challenges of data and AI governance. As organizations struggle with expanding governance backlogs in data cataloging, lineage tracking, documentation, and quality assurance, traditional approaches have proven insufficient to meet these demands at scale. The article proposes a symbiotic relationship where AI systems and human experts combine their complementary strengths—AI contributes processing power, pattern recognition, and consistency, while humans provide contextual understanding, ethical judgment, and domain expertise. The article explores theoretical foundations of this collaboration through sociotechnical systems theory and human-in-the-loop approaches, then examines practical applications across data cataloging, lineage tracking, documentation, and quality assurance. The article analyzes implementation considerations, including organizational models, change management, skills development, and cultural factors that influence adoption success. The article demonstrates how collaborative governance approaches reduce backlogs while improving quality and coverage. The article concludes with an examination of ethical considerations, accountability frameworks, and future research directions that will shape the evolution of human-AI governance partnerships. This collaborative approach ultimately transforms governance from a compliance burden into a strategic capability that enables responsible innovation.

Persistent adolescent health inequalities exist in Europe, necessitating interventions that address both individual and societal factors, especially those pertinent to youths in unfavourable contexts. Collaborative efforts involving cross-sectoral partnerships and adolescent engagement are crucial in identifying and mitigating these disparities. Three case studies exemplify this approach.Case study 1: Effective intervention development hinges upon the translation of epidemiological insights into tangible actions. Heiko Schmengler will discuss how individual and contextual-level data is made actionable for the development of ePro-schools, an e-health intervention to promote healthy dietary habits and physical activity amongst adolescents in socially disadvantaged settings. ePro-schools brings together stakeholders from academia, the health sector, the education system, and local communities. This collaborative approach ensures that the intervention is not only grounded in solid scientific evidence but also fits the specific cultural, social, and economic contexts of the adolescents it aims to serve.Case study 2: Adolescents are not passive consumers of interventions, but active agents who frequently understand best what they need to improve regarding their health. Lourdes Cantarero Arevalo will share innovative methodologies and best practices for involving adolescents in data collection, intervention design, and policy development processes with the final aim to empower the voices of adolescents in vulnerable situations while addressing problems that are relevant for them.Case study 3: Filipa Alves da Costa will draw attention to the health concerns of adolescents resulting from incarceration. This talk will outline the development of a policy brief derived from UN global study data, which highlights the importance of cross-sectoral collaboration in developing actions to safeguard access to high quality healthcare for adolescents within the criminal justice system. A cross-sectoral approach is critical given that criminal justice systems typically fall outside the direct oversight of health ministries. The goal is to encourage policymakers, practitioners, and advocates to consider inter-sectoral strategies to address the complex health challenges these adolescents face.Following the presentations, we will facilitate a dynamic discussion with the audience, encouraging an exchange of ideas on strategies to address adolescent health inequalities from a multilevel perspective. This discussion aims to draw on the collective expertise of participants from diverse backgrounds, including practitioners, researchers, and policymakers. This dialogue aims to identify common barriers and opportunities, fostering a collaborative approach to tackling inequalities. The goal is to emerge from the workshop with a richer understanding of effective strategies that can be leveraged to close the gap in adolescent health across Europe.Key messages• Health inequalities among adolescents must be tackled collaboratively across different sectors and with participation of adolescents.• Participants will gain valuable insights on innovative solutions and effective methodologies from the case studies to inform their own efforts in addressing adolescent health inequalities.

Until recently, deer hunting in medieval Scotland has been poorly researched archaeologically. In Hunting and Hunting Reserves in Medieval Scotland Gilbert identified medieval parks at Stirling and Kincardine in Perthshire that William the Lion created, but it is only in recent years that excavations by Hall and Malloy have begun to explore their archaeology. The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland recorded another type of hunting feature, a deer trap at Hermitage Castle, in 1996 and then re-recorded the earthwork at Dormount Hope in 2000, originally reported as two separate monuments. Although the earthworks of parks and traps display similarities in the construction of their earthwork boundaries, the individual sites have variations in their topography that beg questions about their function. This paper establishes that the earthwork is indeed a single monument which has an open end allowing deer to be driven into the natural canyon of Dormount Hope. It goes on to discuss its dating in both archaeological and documentary terms and then its function as either a park, trap or hay (haga OE). This last possibility is raised by its apparent mention in a Melrose Abbey charter of the neighbouring estate of Raeshaw dating to the last quarter of the 12th century, made by the lords of Hownam, a family of Anglian origin. This Anglian connection leads to its interpretation as a hay – a kind of deer hunting enclosure or trap known in many parts of England prior to the Norman Conquest, for which ‘hay’ place names, such as Hawick, in the Scottish Borders provide support.

Factors that prevent improving the quality of life in the two largest cities of Russia - Samara and Tolyatti, analyzed. From the perspective of sustainable development, the historical background of the problems that arose in the 21st century is considered. The compliance of the properties of the planning structure, development and environment of these cities with the most important criteria that used in some systems for indicating sustainable development revealed. The most important areas for improving the quality of the living environment that allow achieving economic well-being, improving the environmental situation and ensuring social stability have been identified. The following conclusions are made: comprehensive strategies for sustainable development, considering the position of Samara and Tolyatti in the national and regional settlement systems, should be developed; the tendency to strengthen economic and social ties between megacities, high scientific and industrial potential, the presence of natural environment distinctiveness, the urban planning and architectural features should be taken into account.

Factors that hinder the improvement of the life quality in the two largest cities of Russia – Samara and Tolyatti, analyzed. The historical background of the problems encountered in the 21st century considered from the perspective of sustainable development. The compliance of the planning structure properties, development and urban environment of these cities with the significant criteria that used in some systems for indicating sustainable development revealed. The most important areas for improving the quality of the living environment that allow achieving economic well-being, improving the environmental situation and ensuring social stability have been identified. The following conclusions about the need to take into account the situation of Samara and Tolyatti in the national and regional settlement systems, and to comply with a number of strategic and tactical principles when evolving new documents: "consistency", "development", "diversification" and "feasibility of models".

To meet the challenges of population ageing, currently is one of the most striking political and societal tasks in nearly all European countries. Population ageing can be regarded as both drivers for social change as well as point of departure for social innovations which are seen as one of the adequate answers to tackle with its challenges. This paper starts with our own understanding of social innovation. Secondly we describe population ageing in its different challenges for both the ageing population as well as for the society as a whole. It will be shown that population ageing affects more or less all sectors of society and in consequence asks for cross-sector policy approaches. The special focus of this paper is to look at social innovations answering to population ageing in the context of the “productivity discourse”. In doing this we are presenting the integrated use of technology and social services in order to support independent housing/living at home even in the case of being needy of care as an example of age-related social innovation. In the wake of population ageing new potentials for social innovation are generated which are insofar of essential importance as there are many new products and services developed especially for the elderly, which support ‘independent living’ in old age. Moreover, at the same time they generate positive effects on economic growth and employment (market innovation) which will be discussed under the heading of ‘Silver Economy’. In this context networked living (or: Ambient Assisted Living – AAL) will be presented as a special type of social innovation being at the interface between technology and social services. Networked living is not only understood as integration of information and communication technologies but also as social cross-linking of different industries, technologies, services and other key players.

This qualitative case study sought to describe a single organization and examined how their learning experience affected students' creativity as they developed a solution to a challenging social problem. Creative problem solving and the investment theory of creativity acted as theoretical frameworks. Three research questions guided this study: (1) What does social innovation mean to students? (2) How do students develop a creative solution to a challenging social problem? (3) How do students persuade others that their creative solution is valuable? Purposeful sampling recruited eleven participants to provide insight to all aspects of the case. Data collection included interviews, focus groups, site observations, field notes, and document review. Data was analyzed using direct interpretation, multiple coding strategies, categorical aggregation, inductive and comparative analysis. Nine themes emerged to describe: (1) the meaning of social innovation to students; (2) how they developed creative solutions; and (3) how they persuaded others their idea had value. Findings led to five conclusions: (1) social innovation means designing new solutions to make the world a better place; (2) intentionally designing empathy into all phases of social innovation improves the creative process and its outcome; (3) social innovation is not a solo endeavor; (4) experiential learning using design thinking enhances creative thinking and problem solving; and (5) impactful storytelling animates a social problem and its potential solution to capture emotion and create meaning and excitement for social innovation. Intentional empathy and impactful storytelling were defined by this researcher based on findings. This study concluded that Changemakers' high-impact learning model stimulates creative thinking and nurtures problem solving skills.