Abstract
Urolithiasis is a disease in which uroliths form in the urinary tract from individual predisposing factors of each species, and with aggravation, animals can have urethral obstruction and die. In this work, an integrative review of the medicinal plants most used for the treatment of urolithiasis in dogs was carried out. The objective of this work is to collaborate with the veterinary community to expand the use of herbal medicine to treat this pathology, mainly due to its relapsing nature. Its formation can occur in breeds with more evident urinary supersaturation, genetic predisposition, age, reduced daily water intake, metabolic problems, medications that alter urinary pH, inadequate nutrition and predisposition to alterations in the urinary tract. Drug and nutritional treatment is questionable, as there are types of differences in the composition of stones and the response to these can vary a lot and, in more serious cases, surgery is needed. At high rates of recurrence, the use of medicinal plants offers options aimed at the welfare of animals. Therefore, innovative research on their use of these plants informs how they can be consumed safely and with great pharmacological effect. With this, more tutors are looking for professionals who prescribe these plants in a preventive way, avoiding surgical emergencies and possible death of your animal. Urinary system herbal medicines control inflammation and increase diuresis, preventing crystal aggregation and possible growth, in addition to favoring their elimination through the urethra.
Highlights
The word phytotherapy is derived from the Greek phyton and therapeia, which means treatment using plants, referring to the use of medicinal plants in the cure of illnesses (Guedes et al, 2016)
Urolithiasis is the formation of urinary stones from less soluble crystals in urine. These macroscopic sediments and macroscopic precipitates are called uroliths and can be formed under pathological and physiological conditions. It is a common problem in dogs and can occur anywhere in the urinary tract (UT), they are more common in the bladder (Waki Kogika, 2015)
Regarding the physiology of the urinary tract defense mechanisms, the most influential ones are related to the pathogenesis of UTI, where more complicated cases may be related to errors in the animal's defense mechanisms that interfere with normal urination, anatomical problems, damage to mucosal barriers and even changes in urinary quantity and/or composition (Grauer, 2012)
Summary
The word phytotherapy is derived from the Greek phyton and therapeia, which means treatment using plants, referring to the use of medicinal plants in the cure of illnesses (Guedes et al, 2016). The treatment must be carried out according to the main factors of appearance of each specific urolith (Cruces et al, 2013) An example of this is the saturation of urine by solutes and the formation and aggregation of crystals. According to Souza; Silva & Carvalho (2010) an integrative review is a broad methodological approach that anlyzes experimental and non-experimental studies to understand a given phenomenon, combining data from theoretical and empirical literature, and defining concepts. To develop this integrative review, articles were selected using the following databases: Web of Science, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Lilacs and Scielo. Some articles older than the mentioned period were used to provide basic knowledge and information that was not found in the articles found in the period under study
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