Medicinal Plants of Ethiopia: Conservation, Traditional Knowledge, and Sustainable Use

Abstract

Ethiopia, renowned for its remarkable biodiversity, harbors approximately 6,000 species of higher plants, many of which hold significant medicinal value. Traditional medicine plays a crucial role in healthcare, particularly in rural areas where access to modern healthcare is limited. This reliance underscores the importance of preserving indigenous knowledge related to medicinal plants. Home gardens emerge as vital repositories of these valuable plant species, highlighting the need for sustainable conservation strategies. Both in-situ and ex-situ conservation measures, along with home garden cultivation, are essential in safeguarding these invaluable resources. However, the conservation of medicinal plants faces challenges from both natural causes and human-made threats. This paper emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive conservation efforts that involve collaborative initiatives among local communities, researchers, policymakers, and conservationists. By documenting and preserving indigenous knowledge, we can not only protect the rich biodiversity of Ethiopia but also contribute to the well-being of its people and potential advancements in drug development. This holistic approach ensures the continued availability and sustainable use of medicinal plants, benefiting both the environment and human health.