Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most prevalent health problem affecting all age groups, and leads to many secondary problems in other organs especially kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and heart function. In this review, the search terms were TBI, fluid percussion injury, cold injury, weight drop impact acceleration injury, lateral fluid percussion, cortical impact injury, and blast injury. Studies with Actaea racemosa, Artemisia annua, Aframomum melegueta, Carthamus tinctorius, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Crocus sativus, Cnidium monnieri, Curcuma longa, Gastrodia elata, Malva sylvestris, Da Chuanxiong Formula, Erigeron breviscapus, Panax ginseng, Salvia tomentosa, Satureja khuzistanica, Nigella sativa, Drynaria fortune, Dracaena cochinchinensis, Polygonum cuspidatum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Rheum tanguticum, Centella asiatica, and Curcuma zedoaria show a significant decrease in neuronal injury by different mechanisms such as increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, suppressing nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin 1 (IL-1), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and IL-6 expression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of medicinal plants in central nervous system pathologies by reviewing the available literature.
Highlights
One of the major cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries is traumatic brain injury (TBI) especially people under the age of 45 years
The effect of formononetin orally was evaluated for 7 days after the induction TBI by weight drop–impact acceleration injury (WDIAI) model in rat
There was a significant improvement in neurological severity score (NSS) and increased cortical neuronal numbers in Nissl-special and DAPI-labeled stains with formononetin
Summary
One of the major cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries is traumatic brain injury (TBI) especially people under the age of 45 years. Various aspects of human TBI have been studied in a variety of animal models over the decades to have a better better understanding of the pathophysiology and potential treatments. Various traditional supplements and herbal medicine therapies for TBI have been developed recently. These include both crude extracts and isolated compounds from plants and has shown to have neuroprotective effects due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action on nerve function. In view of increasing number of studies conducted in the recent years, we reviewed the literature to assess the potential neuroprotective role of herbal plants in TBI including active components, experimental methodologies and mechanisms of action
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