Abstract
Background The gout is a metabolic disease that is associated with a high level of uric acid in the blood. This disease is treated with some medications that aim to reduce serum urate levels. However, the use of various medicines leads to the appearance of some side effects, hence the importance of using other treatments based on natural resources. Objective This study presents some medical treatments, their side effects, and some plants that are used for gout management in Morocco in the aim to valorize them. Methods We have been consulting various English publications in PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect published between 1991 and 2019 using the following keywords “drugs,” “gout,” “Morocco,” “medicinal plants,” “in vitro,” and “in vivo” terms. Then, we have classified the medicines, according to their action mechanisms, and we have cited some species that were reported in Moroccan pharmacopeia as antigout. Results Three methods of the gout medical management were cited in this work: xanthine oxidase inhibitors, uric acid excretion enhancer, and uricase recombinant. However, it was found that these treatments had various side effects. We have described 23 species, and some of them showed experimentally an antigout effect by blocking the “xanthine oxidase” enzyme. These plants belong to 11 families. Lamiaceae represents the most dominant family with six species followed by Asteraceae with two species. Colchicine isolated from Colchicum autumnale is the most known compound for its efficiency towards gout. Conclusion This work summarized different treatments particularly medicinal plants that are used in Morocco to treat gout disease by blocking uric acid secretion. However, several studies are needed to valorize these antigout natural sources.
Highlights
Gout is a chronic disorder, which is known as “a disease of kings.” Sir Alfred Baring Garrod discovered it in 1848 [1].is disease is characterized by the deposition of urate crystal in several tissues [2]
The first metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot. It attacks the arms, knees, and ankles [3]. This disease is associated with many risk factors as hyperuricemia, genetic factors, metabolism syndrome, dietary factors, alcohol consumption, osteoarthritis, kidney failure, diuretic, and some medication uses [4]
It is necessary to take this disease seriously because it is associated with various health complications as cardiovascular risk, hypertension, chronic kidney disorder, obesity, and metabolic syndrome [5,6,7]
Summary
Gout is a chronic disorder, which is known as “a disease of kings.” Sir Alfred Baring Garrod discovered it in 1848 [1]. Gout is treated with some medications to lower the level of the serum urate by the inhibition of the xanthine oxidase in the liver. Among those treatments, we have febuxostat and allopurinol [9]. Several plants were reported in pharmacopeia as antigout products, and most of them have shown experimentally this activity These plants remain underexploited and require other studies in order to confirm this effect and to identify different molecules responsible for this beneficial effect. Erefore, in this review, we have summarized information about medical treatment and plants that are used for gout management in Morocco with the aim to valorize the Moroccan bioresources. There are three methods employed to reach this objective. e first one allows inhibiting the xanthine oxidase enzyme (allopurinol and febuxostat) and blocking the production of uric acid and their precursor. e second one is intended to enhance uric acid excretion. e third strategy is based on the administration of recombinant uricases to convert uric acid to allantoin (Table 1) [9, 20]
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