Abstract
Goat weed (Ageratum conyzoides L.), or bandotan in Indonesia, is an herbaceous plant that broadly grows up in both subtropical as well as tropical areas. This herb contains many phytoconstituents which have many benefits in different aspects. The essential oil contains phytochemicals such as phenol, phenolic ester, and coumarin, whereas many compounds can been identified in the whole part such as terpenoid, steroid, chromene, pyrrolizidine alkaloid, and flavonoid. Empirically, this herb has been used as an antihemorrhagic, antiseptic, antileprosy, and wound-healing agent. This article reviews the potency of the herb in medication according to the chemical substances being deposited, which are collected from numerous studies, followed by its in silico bioactivity prediction as well as its pharmaceutical dosage form formulation.
Highlights
Scientifica medication of pneumonia, antitoxin of snake venom, typhoid fever, malaria fever, sore throat, and candidiasis. e roots are used in the treatment of tumours, lithiasis, and diarrhoea in a baby
A recent study has reported that Ageratum conyzoides L. leaves extract containing quercetin actively inhibited TNF-α during the inflammation process by degrading the collagenase of cartilage as well as the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)
MMP is classified into five major groups according to their substrate specificity which is collagenase (MMP-1, 8, and 13), gelatinase (MMP-2 and 9), stromelysin (MMP-3, 10, 11, and 19), matrilysin (MMP-7, 12, and 18), and membrane-bound MMP (MMP-1 and 4) [46, 47]
Summary
E leaves and stem extracts of Ageratum conyzoides L. contain phytochemical substances such as flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid, tannin, and phenol, which showed antibacterial activity depends on its concentration against the bacterial isolate [64]. Is claim was supported by the study of the potent antioxidant from methanolic extract of Ageratum conyzoides L. stems depending on the phenolic components [15]. E result shows that the leaves of the ethanolic extract have antioxidant activity which is higher than its water extract. A study shows that the water extract of Ageratum conyzoides L. has a potency to increase the antimalaria activity of chloroquine and artesunate in the plasmodial induced-rats [69]. Another study reported that Ageratum conyzoides L. demonstrates both hypoglycemic as well as hypolipidemic effects in rats [72]. Ageratum conyzoides L has reported having antidiarrhoea activity through its antispasmodic activity and the solid formation of the feces mass. e ethanolic extract has potency as the gastroprotective agent in rats which could be mediated by its antioxidant properties, by blocking the calcium channel obstruction and its antiserotonergic properties [40]
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