Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, a risk to reassess in osteoporotic patients

Abstract

IntroductionThe use of antiresorptive drugs concerns many medical specialties either in relation to their prescription for osteoporosis or cancer, or in relation to the treatment of their side effects. In the literature, less than 10% of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw are related to patients treated for osteoporosis, while 90% are found in patients treated for cancer. Despite the increasing number of osteoporotic patients taking high doses of antiresorptive drugs, only few studies describe this topic. The main aim of this study was to highlight the occurrence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in osteoporotic patients compared to cancer patients. The second aim was to highlight risk factors in the two groups, to try to understand the high number of osteoporotic patients in our population. Materials and methodsA retrospective study was conducted between December 2004 and March 2021 to identify all cases of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in our department with emphasis on the osteoporotic population. Demographic, systemic and local risk factors were collected as well as the type, dose and duration of the anti-resorptive drugs treatment. Evolution and follow-up were also recorded. ResultsOne hundred sixty five patients presented with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, of whom 67 (40,6%) were osteoporotic. Seventeen (25,4%) patients were males and 50 females (74,6%). Risk factors were tobacco consumption (28,4%), anemia (20,9%), alcohol consumption (19,4%). Use of corticoids or anticoagulant/antithrombotic therapy was related in 20,9% and 16,4%, respectively. The mean age at MRONJ diagnosis was 74,4 (50–98). The mean follow up time was 23,7 months (1–110). ConclusionUnlike the literature where medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in osteoporotic patients represents less than 10%, the rate in our series was much higher and represents 40% of the patients. This highlights the importance of a complete dental examination before and during antiresorptive drugs treatment, even in the case of osteoporotic patients.