Medically induced bradycardia in the elderly and senile patients

Abstract

Abstract Background Elderly and senile people are most likely to develop cardiovascular diseases, while they have a higher risk of adverse drug reactions. Systemic analysis of medically induced bradycardia (MIB) has not been performed. Aim To analyze the clinical features of MIB in patients ≥65 and ≥75 years according to the Hospital Register of Cardiac Drug Overdoses (storm) data. Materials and methods Analyzed 17,826 cases of hospitalization in the Regional Vascular Center from 01 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2019, of them with all types of cardiac drug overdoses – 363, of them with MIB – 52.6% (n=191). Results Average age of those hospitalized with MIB – 74.0 [65.0; 80.0] years: 76.0% were ≥65 years, 49.4% – ≥75 years. Among the cohort ≥65 years, there were more women – 74.3% (vs 52.3%, p=0.003), ≥75 years – 74.4% vs 65.5% (p=0.107). The ratio of absolute and relative overdoses did not depend on age and was 1:9. The frequency of pulse-reducing drug admission before hospitalization did not differ in age groups. In General, in the cohort with MIB: 68.4% – beta-blockers, 25.8% – digoxin, 38.9% – antiarrhythmic drugs with pulse-reducing action (PRA), 9.5% – imidazoline receptor agonists, 10.5% – calcium channel blockers with PRA, 7.4% – other drugs with PRA, while 54.5% of patients received a combination of ≥2 drugs with PRA, 15.7% – ≥3, and even 3.1% – ≥4. In older age groups, a Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) decrease in was more often: among ≥65 years GFR <60 ml/min × 1.73 m2 – 83.2% (vs 40.0% in younger patients, p<0.001), <45 ml/min × 1.73 m2 – 61.5% (vs 22.5%, p<0.001), <30 ml/min × 1.73 m2 – 34.5% (vs 15.0%, p<0.001), <15 ml/min × 1.73 m2 – 11.1% (vs 7.5%, p<0.264); among patients ≥75 years: GFR <60 ml/min × 1.73 m2 – 87.4% (vs 60.8%, p<0.001), <45 ml/min × 1.73 m2 – 66.0% (vs 40.2%, p<0.001), <30 ml/min × 1.73 m2 – 37.1% (vs 23.4%, p<0.018), <15 ml/min × 1.73 m2 – 12.0% (vs 8.4%, p<0.357). Patients ≥65 and ≥75 years were more likely to require: emergency hospitalization (97.0% vs 84.1% in younger patients, p<0.001 and 97.0% vs 91.1%, p=0.033), treatment in the intensive care unit (44.7% vs 20.5%, p=0.003 and 48.8% vs 29.2%, p=0.001), temporary pacemaker (58.3% vs 20.0%, p=0.107 and 57.1% vs 40.0%, p=0.284). Hospital mortality in persons ≥75 was 7.7% (vs 1.8% in younger patients, p=0.047), ≥65 – 3.8% (vs 4.6%, p=0.814). Conclusions Older age groups predominate among those hospitalized for MIB. They are characterized by a more pronounced lesion of glomerular filtration, a more severe condition, and a higher risk of death. Practical physicians underestimate the danger of prescribing drugs with PRA, especially in the form of combined therapy, in patients of older age groups, with impaired glomerular filtration, which requires drawing attention to this problem. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Ryazan State Medical University