Medical Thinking in the Light of Classical, Non-Classical and Post-Non-Classical Rationality

Abstract

In the modern theory and practice of medical sciences, one can observe the proximity of various types of rationality, which determine both the direction and quality of thinking. This is due both to the heterogeneity of the development of various areas of medical culture and clinical thinking. This determines the relevance and expediency of the study, associated with the need to distinguish between the prevailing methods of rationality of medical thinking; to determine its direction and, accordingly, the effectiveness in the activities of medical workers. The definition of the limitations inherent in a particular type of scientific rationality in relation to medical thinking. This approach makes it possible to overcome the limitations associated with foundations of thinking in one form or another of scientific rationality, thereby expanding the heuristic possibilities of medical thinking itself as such. To achieve the goal of the study, methodological practices of philosophical reflection and analysis of thought processes are used. Classical rationality is characterized by a mechanistic approach to a person; non-classical rationality is characterized by the penetration of researchers into the microcosm and a corresponding expansion of ideas about reality; post-nonclassical rationality is characterized by a search for integrity and interactions, as well as human-dimensional research practices. The main conclusion arising from the study was the statement that medical thinking is characterized by the use of various types of rationality, which determines both the deontological approach to the patient, based on appropriate medical anthropology, and the choice of strategies and methods of treatment.