Medical termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly at or beyond 20weeks' gestation-What are the maternal risks?

Abstract

To evaluate the common and severe maternal morbidities associated with medical termination of pregnancy (MTOP) for fetal anomaly ≥20weeks' gestation. A 10-year retrospective cohort study (January 2010-December 2019) analyzing 407 consecutive singleton pregnancies MTOP for fetal anomaly ≥20weeks' gestation, at a quaternary maternity centre in Australia (Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne). The cohort comprised of 191 primiparous and 216 multiparous women, of whom 75 (34.7%) had at least one prior Cesarean; 13 women had a low-lying placenta or placenta praevia. The average gestation was 23weeks (interquartile range 22-26weeks). A spontaneous unassisted vaginal delivery was achieved by the majority (n=403, 99.0%). The most common maternal morbidities were transferred to the theater for manual removal of retained placental tissue (n=65, 16.0%) and postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) (n=45, 11.1%). Severe maternal morbidity occurred in six cases (1.3%) and included amniotic fluid embolism, cardiac arrest, major obstetric haemorrhage, uterine rupture and intensive care unit admission. There were no maternal deaths. The most common complications of MTOP for fetal anomaly ≥20weeks' gestation were manual removal of placenta and PPH. Severe maternal morbidity affected 1 in 81 women.