Medical Students' Perspectives on the Factors Affecting Empathy Development During Their Undergraduate Training.

Abstract

This study investigated the perspectives of medical students on the factors influencing empathy development during their undergraduate training. A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to generate illustrations of empathy development and decline that had educational significance and applicability. Individual online semi-structured interviews were conducted to elicit experiential details from twelve final-year medical students. The interview recordings were transcribed verbatim, and data were analysed employing Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis method. The self-reported empathic behavior of medical students seemed to have improved with time in medical school. Students attributed their empathy development to real patient encounters, positive role-modelling by teachers, and attainment of confidence and personal maturity. They identified exams, academic overload, time constraints, personal stresses, negative role models, unconducive learning environments, and lack of formal empathy training as barriers to empathy development. Medical institutes should identify and address the barriers to empathy development and encourage the holistic development of medical students. Furthermore, medical educators should model their behavior accurately for their increasing roles and responsibilities and support the students in their empathic expressions with patients.