Abstract
The introduction of sensor technology in our daily lives has brought comfort, convenience, and improved health over the past few decades. Technological advances further expanded the use of medical sensors by reducing their size and costs. Medical sensors improve the intelligence and capabilities of healthcare services including, remote health monitoring, surgical procedures, therapy, and rehabilitation. We present a comprehensive review of medical sensors in the last 50 years focusing on their deployment in healthcare applications. The review also discusses the role of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in enhancing the capabilities of sensor technologies for the healthcare domain. Moreover, we also investigate the benefits and challenges of various integrated architectures which have been proposed recently to seamlessly integrate heterogeneous medical sensors with emerging technologies and paradigms that include edge, Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC), fog, and cloud computing technologies. Finally, we identify future challenges that must be addressed to achieve the maximum potential and benefits of medical sensor technologies and ultimately provide robust, scalable, reliable, and cost-effective healthcare delivery.
Highlights
INTRODUCTION1883 by Warren Johnson to avoid hourly janitor interruption the scope of sensor technology for medical applications and for temperature adjustment in the classroom is considered the commercialized it in 1972, leading to a multi-billion-dollar
The introduction of sensor technology in our daily lives has brought comfort, convenience, and improved health over the past few decades
We described the functionalities of sensing, networking, in medical applications has significantly improved the quality and application layers and we present a cohesive archi- and safety of many healthcare applications including remote 135 tecture that shows how technologies (such as edge, fog, patient monitoring [11], [35], medical imaging [36], [37], cloud, and Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC)) can be improved diagnosis [15], [29], and childbirth care [38]
Summary
1883 by Warren Johnson to avoid hourly janitor interruption the scope of sensor technology for medical applications and for temperature adjustment in the classroom is considered the commercialized it in 1972, leading to a multi-billion-dollar. 170 vices requires highly miniaturized sensors that can be remote physiological monitoring and notify the healthcare integrated into the medical devices and worn/carried providers in an emergency Another project called LOBIN by patients for various applications. We discussion related to medical sensor design and deployment provide a detailed taxonomy (Figure 3 and Table I) that challenges Another survey [103] solely focused on the data highlights different types of medical sensors and their 280 fusion techniques and limitations of sensors in carrying out the use in various healthcare applications. WBAN INTEGRATION WITH INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES temperature-aware routing schemes in WBANs. In contrast, An operational healthcare system requires the interconnecthe survey presented in [109] focused on energy-efficient tion of WBAN (consisting of implanted or wearable sensors) routing schemes for WBANs. in [110], Jijesh.
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