Medical Renal Disease and Transplantation Considerations

Abstract

Owing to its high blood flow rate and pivotal function in human physiology, many disease processes affect kidney and its performance. Although many prerenal, renal, or postrenal pathology have influences on renal parenchyma and cause disorders, medical renal diseases consist of mostly intrinsic parenchymal disorders. Renal parenchyma comprises three basic components, namely, glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and vascular compartments. It has been reported that the disease processes limited to glomerular component, constituting only 8 % of the renal parenchyma, have no or minimum effect on radiological parameters. On the other hand, pathologies having primary or secondary (late in the course of glomerular diseases) impact on tubulointerstitial and/or vascular compartments result in changes especially in gray-scale and Doppler sonographic parameters which have been reported to be sensitive to some of histopathological changes.