Medical management of obstructive sleep apnea: a review article

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repetitive episodes of complete or partial obstruction of upper airway during sleep. Various pathophysiological phenotypes contributing for the repetitive events of apnea and hypopnea have been identified in the recent studies. Consequently, various new modalities of treatment are being introduced to be implemented either independently or in conjunction with the previously available treatment modalities. This article imparts a thorough knowledge of various modes of treatment available for the non-surgical treatment of OSA. Many studies conducted in the past had emphasized the importance and effectiveness of lots of non-surgical modes of treating OSA. Our article includes a concluding description of all those studies including those on CPAP and myofunctional therapy. Thorough knowledge of both i.e., the pathophysiological phenotypes and available modes of treatment is necessary for the successful treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea. Recent advances, both in terms of causative factors as well as corresponding treatment options, should be laid down in the form of management guidelines as a part of evidence-based medicine.