Abstract
To determine the prevalence of medical device-related pressure injuries in critical patients and analyze the associated factors. Epidemiological, cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic, clinical and medical device data were collected. Inspection of the skin/mucous membranes was performed to identify and classify the injuries. Analysis using descriptive statistics, Poisson regression and the Spearman correlation coefficient. Ninety-three patients were evaluated and 58 developed injuries, with a prevalence of 62.4%. Injuries by the orotracheal tube (50%), nasogastric tube (44.1%) and urinary catheter (28.6%) were the most prevalent, and the most affected regions were, respectively, the auricular (79.5%), nasal ala (86.7%) and urethral meatus (76.9%). Factors associated with injuries were severe edema (p = 0.005), low Braden (p<0.001) and Glasgow (p = 0.008) scores, length of stay in intensive care (p<0.001) and hospitalization diagnosis classified as other causes (p<0.001). The use of more than one device (p<0.001) and a longer time of use (p<0.001) were correlated. The high prevalence of injuries and the associated factors indicate the need for preventive measures and risk monitoring.
Highlights
The context of Intensive Care Units (ICU) requires a range of instruments and equipment for health care, called medical devices
The medical devices most frequently used by patients were, in sequence, the pulse oximeter (n = 93; 100.0%), indwelling urinary catheter (n = 91; 97.8%) and orotracheal tube (n = 78; 83.9%)
Injuries caused by orotracheal tube, nasogastric tube and indwelling urinary catheter were the most prevalent, and represented 50.0%, 44.1% and 28.6%, respectively (Table 2)
Summary
The context of Intensive Care Units (ICU) requires a range of instruments and equipment for health care, called medical devices Such devices are used by the multidisciplinary health team and applied alone or in combination for the purpose of diagnosis, monitoring, treatment or relief of the disease, according to the patient’s clinical condition and the manufacturer’s recommendation[1,2]. If applied improperly, they can produce deleterious effects, such as medical device-related pressure injuries (MDRPI). Lower rates were found in critically ill patients in Australia and the United States[8], in which the prevalence of MDRPI was 3.1%, while in India[9] it was 19.2%
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