Abstract
A medical cyber–physical system (MCPS) is a unique cyber–physical system (CPS), which combines embedded software control devices, networking capabilities, and complex physiological dynamics of patients in the modern medical field. In the process of communication, device, and information system interaction of MCPS, medical cyber–physical data are generated digitally, stored electronically, and accessed remotely by medical staff or patients. With the advent of the era of medical big data, a large amount of medical cyber–physical data is collected, and its sharing provides great value for diagnosis, pathological analysis, epidemic tracking, pharmaceutical, insurance, and so on. This overview will present MCPS’s architectures and frameworks from different perspectives, modeling and verification methods, identification and sign sensing technologies, key communications’ technologies, data storage and analysis technologies, monitoring systems, data security and privacy protection technologies, and key research perspectives and directions. We can have a comprehensive understanding of the important characteristics and technical route of MCPS, and grasp its research status and progress.
Highlights
M EDICAL cyber–physical systems (MCPSs) are a kind of cyber–physical systems (CPS) that are applied in the modern medical area and play an important role in the prevention and detection of COVID-19
2) Data Processing Architecture: It focuses on the analysis and processing of health data, especially how to realize the effective aggregation, transformation, filtering, mining of massive medical perception big data, and provide decision-making basis, e.g., smart health monitoring management system architecture based on big data analysis [8] and MCPS architecture based on device AI [9]
Different communication technologies play their unique advantages in specific applications of MCPS, such as the transmission of human health data collected by medical sensors based on ZigBee technology, the identification and information processing of drugs based on RFID technology, and the information transmission of PDA and mobile phones based on low-power Bluetooth (BLE) technology
Summary
M EDICAL cyber–physical systems (MCPSs) are a kind of cyber–physical systems (CPS) that are applied in the modern medical area and play an important role in the prevention and detection of COVID-19. As the neural center of MCPS, the cyber space receives the sensing information from the physical space through the network transmission systems, identifies, stores, analyzes, and processes them, and generates the feedback control information that is sent to the physical space through the network transmission systems. Compared with the Internet of Things (IoT), CPS emphasizes the development and research of virtual application in the physical world [2], constructs a set of a closed-loop enabling system based on states sensing, real-time analysis, scientific decision-making, and precise execution between cyber space and physical space, solves the problems of complexity and uncertainty in the process of manufacturing and application services, improves the efficiency of resource allocation, and realizes resource optimization. Interaction between cyber space and physical space, build the architecture based on the CPS, and combine big data and cloud computing to build a medical consortium. 4) We discuss the new ideas and challenges brought by the emergence of new technologies (such as big data, cloud computing, and blockchain) for the MCPS and provide a broader view of the development prospects and trends of new technologies in MCPS
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