Abstract
Biotechnology is the knowledge and techniques of developing and using biological systems for deriving special products and services. The age-old technology took a new turn with the advent of recombinant DNA techniques, and boosted by the development of other molecular biological techniques, cell culture techniques and bioinformatics. Medical biotechnology is the major thrust area of biotechnology. It has brought revolutions in medicine quick methods for diagnosing diseases, generation of new drugs and vaccines, completely novel approach of treatment are only a few to mention. The industrial and financial bulk of the industry mushroomed very rapidly in the last three decades, led by the USA and western advanced nations. Asian countries like China, India, South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore joined late, but advancing forward in a big way. In all the Asian countries governments supported the initiatives of the expert and entrepreneur community, and invested heavily in its development. Bangladesh has got great potential in developing biotechnology and reaping its fruits. However, lack of commitment and patriotism, and too much corruption and irresponsibility in political and bureaucratic establishment are the major hindrance to the development of biotechnology in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v3i1.13873 J Enam Med Col 2013; 3(1): 32-46
Highlights
The central theme of biotechnology is using biological systems, an organism or any part of it, for derivation of special products or services to satisfy human need
Before 1970s, the methods for getting a better organism were limited to searching among natural variants, selective breeding, hybridization, and induced mutation by chemical and physical agents
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or Deoxyribonucleic Acid is at the root of all inherited characteristics of an organism
Summary
The central theme of biotechnology is using biological systems, an organism or any part of it, for derivation of special products or services to satisfy human need. Along with the development of recombinant DNA technology other molecular biological techniques as sequencing, DNA synthesis, gene expression regulation, monoclonal antibody production, cell culture and stem cell differentiation, aided by bioinformatics - hybrid off shoot of biotechnology with modern computing device, have brought revolutions in medicine: developed quick methods for diagnosing infection or monitoring cholesterol levels, generated series of new drugs, vaccines, and completely novel classes of therapeutic agents, forced breakthroughs in understanding diseases as diverse as cystic fibrosis and cancer.
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