Abstract
This paper presents a projection-based augmented-reality system (MARVIS) that supports the visualization of internal structures on the surface of a liver phantom. MARVIS is endowed with three key features: tracking of spatial relationship between the phantom and the operator’s head in real time, monoscopic projection of internal liver structures onto the phantom surface for 3D perception without additional head-mounted devices, and phantom internal electronic circuit to assess the accuracy of a syringe guidance system. An initial validation was carried out by 25 medical students (12 males and 13 females; mean age, 23.12 years; SD, 1.27 years) and 3 male surgeons (mean age, 43.66 years; SD, 7.57 years). The validation results show that the ratio of failed syringe insertions was reduced from 50% to 30% by adopting the MARVIS projection. The proposed system suitably enhances a surgeon’s spatial perception of a phantom internal structure.
Highlights
Medical applications of virtual and augmented reality (AR) have been extensively developed during the last decade [1,2]
We introduce an AR system called MARVIS (Medical AR VISualizer) that provides support for surgical procedures training by overlaying images of internal structures onto the surface of a phantom organ
The phantom-tracking module (PhTM) detects the phantom in the real-time video stream and determines its 3D position and orientation using data stored in the model database (MDB)
Summary
Medical applications of virtual and augmented reality (AR) have been extensively developed during the last decade [1,2]. In the current era of data fusion, AR provides an ideal approach for educational purposes [3], especially those related to medicine [4,5,6], as it supports the training of surgeons without risk to patients. Virtual reality and AR techniques may be employed to shorten the learning curves [7] related to surgical procedures and increase the overall educational efficiency, thereby providing increased patient safety. Shortening the learning curves for surgical personnel is a societally important and widely researched issue. It aims to improve the accuracy and performance of surgical procedures in the most effective manner. Surgeons may prefer additional haptic feedback, as it can provide valuable tactile information during surgery [9]. Haptic feedback is believed to enhance perception by providing another mode of sensorial information
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