Abstract
As the world's growing population ages, diseases associated with the elderly, such as atrial fibrillation (AF), have increased in prevalence. These patients require specialized anesthetic care when presenting for surgical procedures, as they often have additional cardiovascular comorbidities and are frequently anticoagulated. Innovative techniques promise to mitigate thromboembolic risks associated with AF or even provide a cure. However, many are highly technical and associated with unique and potentially serious complications. Increasingly, comfort with providing anesthetics in nontraditional locations and use of advanced transesophageal echocardiography are required of anesthesiologists to safely and competently provide care during these novel procedures.
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