Abstract
Abdominal visceral pain of medical origin is one of the most frequent reasons for request of medical treatment in humans. Its control is of paramount importance not only for ethical reasons, but also because, if untreated, pain can cause a stress response leading to alterations concerning many organs and apparatuses. Causes of acute or chronic medical visceral pain in men are numerous, with pain originating from various regions of the body. Considering the similarities with regard to the nervous system between humans and other mammals, it is very likely that pathological conditions that cause visceral pain in men are painful in animals as well. Despite this, in veterinary practice medical visceral pain is rarely considered and poorly treated, often for the difficulty in its identification and for a lack of specific guidelines addressing this specific topic. Moreover, no detailed and specific information on this subject are available in the current literature. The present review lists the main pathologies likely responsible of medical abdominal visceral pain in the canine species, trying to summarize, for each considered condition, the available information regarding the pathogenesis and the management of pain.
Highlights
In human medicine, abdominal pain of medical origin is a frequent reason for request of medical care
This review summarizes the available information about the main pathologies likely responsible of medical abdominal visceral pain in the canine species, trying to point out the pathogenesis of pain in each condition
During enteritis, the inflammatory mediators released during the inflammatory process and the spasms of the muscular portion of the intestinal wall may contribute to the onset of abdominal pain
Summary
Abdominal pain of medical origin is a frequent reason for request of medical care. Gastroenteritis, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), pancreatitis, cystitis, urolithiasis, endometriosis and prostatitis can be addressed as some of the most common causes of visceral pain (Wong and Mayer, 2006) Each of these diseases recognizes specific pain mechanisms, the understanding of which is critical for setting an adequate diagnostic and therapeutic plan. Mono- or multi-parametric, have been drawn up for their use as a diagnostic aid in various canine acute and chronic painful conditions They have been validated for pain of surgical origin (Firth and Haldane, 1999; Laboissière, 2006; Reid et al, 2007) or for osteoarthritic pain (Brown et al, 2007; 2008; Hielm-Björkman et al, 2009) and no tools for the evaluation of medical visceral pain are available at the moment. When supported by bibliographic indication, pain management is addressed as well
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