Abstract
BackgroundMany studies have reported significant behavioral impact of physical activity interventions. However, few have examined changes in potential mediators of change preceding behavioral changes, resulting in a lack of information concerning how the intervention worked. Our purpose was to examine mediation effects of changes in psychosocial variables on changes in physical activity in type 2 diabetes patients.MethodsNinety-two patients (62 ± 9 years, 30, 0 ± 2.5 kg/m2, 69% males) participated in a randomized controlled trial. The 24-week intervention was based on social-cognitive constructs and consisted of a face-to-face session, telephone follow-ups, and the use of a pedometer. Social-cognitive variables and physical activity (device-based and self-reported) were collected at baseline, after the 24-week intervention and at one year post-baseline. PA was measured by pedometer, accelerometer and questionnaire.ResultsPost-intervention physical activity changes were mediated by coping with relapse, changes in social norm, and social modeling from family members (p ≤ 0.05). One-year physical activity changes were mediated by coping with relapse, changes in social support from family and self-efficacy towards physical activity barriers (p ≤ 0.05)ConclusionsFor patients with type 2 diabetes, initiatives to increase their physical activity could usefully focus on strategies for resuming regular patterns of activity, on engaging family social support and on building confidence about dealing with actual and perceived barriers to activity.Trial RegistrationNCT00903500, ClinicalTrials.gov.
Highlights
Many studies have reported significant behavioral impact of physical activity interventions
We developed a behavioral modification program to increase physical activity in type 2 diabetes patients [5]
The aim of this study was to determine whether the intervention effects on physical activity found in our pedometer-based telephone supported, behavioral modification intervention were mediated by the theoretical constructs targeted by the intervention
Summary
Many studies have reported significant behavioral impact of physical activity interventions. Despite the established benefits [2], many type 2 diabetes patients do not participate in regular physical activity [3] This highlights the need to develop efficacious physical activity interventions for this particular patient group [4]. Since effective behavioral modification programs are necessarily based on established correlates, it is needed to take theoretical models into account when developing an intervention. This intervention was based on constructs participants’ baseline levels. The protocol and content of the intervention have been described in detail elsewhere [5] This behavioral modification program showed positive effects on steps/day, accelerometer-based and self-reported physical activity over the short-term and intermediate term [5]
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