Mediated glucose sensor using a cylindrical microelectrode

Abstract

The performance of a cylindrical enzyme electrode with a soluble mediator was analysed theoretically. The normalized current response was calculated at various values of both the electrode radius ( a) to enzyme layer thickness ( l) ratio, a/l, and the relative catalytic activities, σ S and σ M { = ( k cat[E] l 2/ K MS,M D S,M) 1 2 }. The calculated results demonstrated that at high mediator concentration, larger a/l ratio and increased relative catalytic activity for the substrate, σ S, a wider linear range could be obtained for a calculated glucose calibration graph. However, the linearity was found to be less dependent on a/l than σ S. Alternatively, at high glucose concentration, the mediator concentration — response curve calculated at low a/l values and a high catalytic activity for the mediator, σ M, indicated a wide linear range. Immobilized glucose oxidase (GOD) cylindrical microelectrodes were fabricated and their characteristics were evaluated by using 1,4-benzoquinone as electron mediator. GOD was immobilized in a photo-cross-linkable polymer on two types of cylindrical microelectrodes of 2 and 25 μm diameter. The linear ranges of the observed calibration graphs were wider than that obtained using a disc electrode of 1 mm diameter. This was probably due to the larger σ S values obtained with the glucose sensors of 2 and 25 μm diameter. Moreover, the response of the 2-μm glucose sensor based on hydrogen peroxide detection was compared with that using mediators. This result showed that the wider measurable range was obtained using mediators.