Abstract
Linear endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for real-time mediastinal tissue sampling was a transformative development in the evolving landscape of cancer diagnosis. Techniques for fine needle aspiration of mediastinal masses had been described as early as 1949 and then by Wang and colleagues1 in 1978; however, major technological advances were necessary for EBUS-TBNA to become a mainstream tool in the modern era. With non-inferior sensitivity, and favourable risk profile and cost-effectiveness, compared with gold-standard surgical mediastinoscopy, linear EBUS-TBNA has emerged as the recommended initial modality for assessment of mediastinal and hilar pathology.
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