Media ethics in international conflict

Abstract

: This article explores the role of the media in international conflict, specifically how media contribute to the cycle of humiliation, shame and revenge. The case study focused on Arab media's coverage of the shoe-throwing incident in Iraq, where George W. Bush ducked an Iraqi journalist's shoes thrown during a press conference. The analysis of four Arab newspapers' coverage of the incident found that, while being diverse, Arab media had predominantly framed the incident as a humiliation for President Bush, revenge on the part of Iraqis for the shameful military defeat and the torture in Abu Ghraib prison. The study concludes that news media's obsession with a narrative of humiliation does not help resolve international conflict. With relevance to Arab media, the article argues that independent, free and professional media outlets are more likely to provide ‘balanced’ coverage that lessens the intense feelings of hurt. Pro-government media are counterproductive in resolving international conflict, the study observes. Increased professionalisation of independent media has the potential to curb the emotional violence generated by ‘unprofessional’ reporting. Finally, strengthening legal safeguards, updating media ethics frameworks, and more press freedom enhance the potential for a constructive role for the media in international conflict.