MeCP2… Nature’s Wonder Protein or Medicine’s Most Feared One?

Abstract

MeCP2 is an intrinsically disordered, multidomain, multifunctional protein able to interact with several binding partners (dsDNA, ssDNA, RNA, transcription-related proteins, nucleosomes, etc.). MeCP2 is highly expressed in maturing neurons, and a correct dosage is instrumental for appropriate neuronal development and function, as well as activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. The different interactions confer MeCP2 with its manifold capabilities and functions. MeCP2 function is regulated at different levels, but post-translational modifications represent one of its most versatile regulatory mechanisms. Covalent modification of MeCP2 dynamically switches on/off its functional capabilities, enriching and adding another layer of functional modulation. Mutations in MeCP2 may alter its binding capabilities and/or regulatory mechanisms. Although it is initially associated to Rett syndrome, an autistic disorder characterized by neuronal development regression and stagnation, MeCP2 dysfunction has more recently been linked to many other neurological disorders. In this article, we will review some recent findings related to structural and functional properties of MeCP2 and their connection with Rett syndrome and other neurological alterations.