Mechanochromic Luminescence Based on Crystal-to-Crystal Transformation Mediated by a Transient Amorphous State

Abstract

Photoluminescent materials that exhibit tunable emission properties when subjected to mechanical stimuli have numerous potential applications. Although many organic/inorganic and organometallic compounds display this property, called mechanochromic luminescence, most of these materials undergo a crystalline-to-amorphous (C → A) phase transition; examples of crystalline-to-crystalline (C1 → C2) transformation are rare. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction may allow direct analysis of the molecular packing of mechanochromic luminescence materials before and after C1 → C2 transformation, which may help to understand the underlying mechanism of this transformation. Reported herein is a mechanochromic luminescence material that displays an unprecedented type of C1 → C2 transformation mediated by a transient amorphous phase (C1 → [A] → C2). This mechanochromic luminescence material was developed by introducing soft triethylene glycol side chains in a crystalline gold(I) complex that exhibits mechanochromic luminesc...