Mechanochemical synthesis of small organic molecules.

Tapas Kumar Achar,Anima Bose,Prasenjit Mal

doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.186

Abstract

With the growing interest in renewable energy and global warming, it is important to minimize the usage of hazardous chemicals in both academic and industrial research, elimination of waste, and possibly recycle them to obtain better results in greener fashion. The studies under the area of mechanochemistry which cover the grinding chemistry to ball milling, sonication, etc. are certainly of interest to the researchers working on the development of green methodologies. In this review, a collection of examples on recent developments in organic bond formation reactions like carbon–carbon (C–C), carbon–nitrogen (C–N), carbon–oxygen (C–O), carbon–halogen (C–X), etc. is documented. Mechanochemical syntheses of heterocyclic rings, multicomponent reactions and organometallic molecules including their catalytic applications are also highlighted.

Highlights

The field of organic synthesis has experienced recently significant changes towards achieving the goal of more efficient and sustainable processes [1]
Green chemistry covers a wide range of research areas and generally deals with 12 principles [5,6] and few of them are: avoiding the use of volatile and toxic solvents, reducing the quantity of catalyst and reagents, using environmentally benign chemicals, atom-economical synthesis, minimization of chemical-waste/energy, etc
Mal and co-workers reported a mechanochemical Biginelli reaction by a subcomponent synthesis approach [131,132,133] in which the component aldehyde and catalytic amount of acid were generated in situ for the final step of dihydropyrimidinone synthesis

Summary

Introduction

The field of organic synthesis has experienced recently significant changes towards achieving the goal of more efficient and sustainable processes [1]. Wittig Reaction Pecharsky and co-workers reported the solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of phosphonium salts [54] and phosphorus ylides [55] in the presence of the weak base K2CO3. Su and co-workers have reported an asymmetric version of the CDC reaction between terminal alkynes and sp3 C–H bonds under high speed ball milling conditions [68].

Results

Conclusion